• more immigrants from Europe than any place else, most came from Germany
  • people thought you could be free in America but when they got here they found out there was no freedom of speech in slave states without freedom of speech Schurz said no one is free
  • Carl Schurz was a radical republican in us, he was a freedom fighter in Germany but they lost he went to Switzerland then went back to Germany to break friend out of jail, 10 years after he arrived in us Lincoln made him minister to Spain then he was made secretary of interior under president Hayes he conserved the enveironment, general in us army in civil war, wanted fairness to indians,
  • no one is free unless everyone is free, equal rights is the great moral element of true democracy
  • potato crops failed in Ireland in 1845 one fourth of the entire population of Ireland 1.7 million men women and children came to America. A million people starved to death in Ireland.
  • there was not enough food homes or jobs in Europe because the population doubled between 1750 and 1850
  • people also came for religious freedom
  • Jewish people came from Germany Poland and Russia
  • 26 million immigrants came to United States 50 years after the Civil War
  • overcrowded apartment buildings were called tenements
  • they came on steamships the trip cost $30 it took 10 days
  • most landed in New York at Castle Garden and after 1892 in New York at Ellis Island
  • 1st thing he did was buy a gun, people thought they would see cowboys and Indians because of books
  • New York wasn’t old west it had paved roads and lighted streets very civilized
  • the new immigrants don’t want anymore immigrants to come after them because the newest immigrants were willing to work for less money so the people who have been here a while were mad because they feared competition for jobs
  • they needed extra city services because the cities became overcrowded and full of crime
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  • new immigrants washed dishes scrubbed floors and built railroads
  • Catholics Jews blacks Irish Asians and Hispanics were discriminated against
  • American Party were anti-catholic an anti-foreign were known as the Know Nothing Party
  • the Ku Klux Klan is anti-black and anti-Jew
  • Working Man’s Party is anti-Asian their slogan is the Chinese must go
  • Chinese work for very little money company sent ships to China Japan and India to find workers people believe that some races were better than other races
  • 1790 a law passed said only white people can become naturalized citizens the law is only applied to Asians so the Chinese are not citizens unless they’re born in the United States and they can’t become citizens by naturalization
  • 1882 Chinese exclusion act is passed into law by Pres. author stops immigration from China
  • in San Francisco all laundry’s had to be in brick buildings Chinese owned most of the laundry only arrested laundry owners and would buildings that were owned by Chinese and one woman
  • the court picks cases asked the question do the police have the right to enforce laws arbitrarily the second with the rights of noncitizens can you treat aliens the same way you treat American citizens
  • the 14th amendment said no state can deprive a person of life liberty or property without due process and equal protection of the law
  • so the Chinese laundry men beat the sheriff of San Francisco
  • Jews were not allowed to go to school the girls couldn’t go to school so girls from Russia were excited to go to school
  • Mary Antin wrote a book called the promised land about how being a Jew from Russia and coming to America it was freedom and opportunity to become rich and learning. She wanted to go to school.