• William Lloyd Garrison published the Liberator formed new England anti-slavery society 1837 women were welcomed and they joined
  • anti-slavery societies with women formed in New England in 1832
  • by 1838 100 societies have been created
  • it spread New England to New York to the Midwest Ohio became a hotbed of anti-slavery agitation
  • they started a militant petition campaign with national conventions they talk to mixed or promiscuous audiences started a controversy over the woman’s proper place
  • women causes and slavery causes became intertwined
  • they're becoming more liberal
  • a large proportion of abolitionist women were Quakers
  • Lydia Maria Child 1833 published appeal in favor Of That Class of Americans Called Africans it denounced slavery and defended racial equality it was not a popular book
  • Prudence Crandall opened an Academy to one black student all the other students left so she reopened it as the school for black girls she was arrested three times
  • her score was vandalized by the townspeople so she closed it
  • at first they had male assistance in Philadelphia they raised money for the Liberator and the anti-slavery society and they supported man who spoke for the cause and they open black schools
  • they were allowed to have acceptable activities but if they went too far and angry mob would close them down
  • they started a petition campaign that went door-to-door was very successful
  • the first women agents were the first Southern women to be known in public life and they addressed promiscuous audiences of men and women
  • racial and sexual equality were linked
  • Grimkes were Southerners they were members of the slave owning family and they were the controversial anti-slavery agents
  • they were put down in Massachusetts because they had the tone of a man and in a public reformer and their activism was unnatural according to a minister in Massachusetts in 1837
  • The Grimkes sisters wrote pamphlets and said it was a woman’s right to have a voice and laws which she should be governed whether in church or state
  • they drew analogies between slaves and women talking about the need for equal conditions
  • in 1839 the women’s movement turned into factions New England branch aggravated by woman’s position to allow racial intermarriage in Massachusetts
  • the Garrisonians allowed women to participate in all facets of reform
  • the Grimkes said that to get slaves irons off they also have to see that they are slaves as well as women
  • the visitor is a newspaper in Minnesota the editor couldn’t commit herself to either of the two factions
  • black women were also active in the abolitionist movement
  • 1837 women’s convention on anti-slavery condemned those societies that reject colored members but black women usually form their own anti-slavery societies
  • Sojourner Truth was a former slave and a popular speaker with anti-slavery audiences starting in the 1840s
  • Harriet Tubman was a female speaker in the 1850s
  • Harriet Beecher Stowe Ohio 1830s patriotic speaker wrote the book uncle Tom’s cabin she became the most famous anti-slavery hero her book went into 300,000 homes Harriet Beecher Stowe was in a public speaker she was a domestic of evangelist empathizing with uncle Tom and promoted anti-slavery views among family members
 

The Rising White Southern Temper

  • Hinton Helper wrote a book in 1857 which talked about the rapid growth in the North and the slow progress of the South he said that the sleeveless whites with the victims of the slave system published his book in the North His Book Was Called Impending Crisis of the South
  • his big argument was that black slaves were better off than poor white people in the South
  • Southerners banned the book he said that white non-slaveholders were in the majority 5 to 1 but they couldn’t frame the laws where they lived and there was nothing but legislation that helped blacks and that poor white people were regarded with less esteem and black people
  • he talked about a literate poor whites made poor and ignorant by the system of slavery
  • it said that rich slaveholding whites of the South were keeping down the other white Southerners and called white Southerners poor white trash and that they were the great majority of the Southern people
  • he said that poor whites were not allowed to speak and that non-slaveholders were kept in ignorance on what was going on in the North
  • said that the white people that were slave owners in the South were a poor class of people then the slaves

the South condemns Helperites 1859

  • Helpers book talked about the poor whites of the South but the poor rights were illiterate and apathetic so they didn’t read the book because they couldn't
  • the Republicans of the North took his book for political purpose & did appeal for funds to distribute 100,000 copies of the book
  • the South said they didn’t want it out
  • the North wanted it circulated all over the South but the rich Southerners said that slaves were property the Constitution guarantees their property in the North and in the South

Hammond Proclaims Cotton King 1858

  • The resentment of the South rose and they thought about standing alone at the Confederacy if they had to be
  • the South had cotton and King cotton overshadowed all its other problems
  • the North had grass and used to say grass is King the North had hey and the hay was consumed at home but they made more money from hey then the South made from cotton
  • a South Carolina senator said cotton is King and that they sent cotton to English textile industry he gave up speech that you couldn’t have a war on cotton because England depends on cotton
  • England said that almost all of their cotton came from America and if era America wanted to believe them or go to war with them all they would have to do is stop giving them cotton and all the people dependent on cotton for their jobs would have a rebellion