• Indians moved by themselves in the 14th and 15th centuries from Canada to New Mexico and adopted aspects of web low culture and are known today as the Navajo Indians
  • 17th century Indians from Missouri River Hidatsa traveled west to become the Montana crow
  • these migrations happened over a big period of time and they gradually adapted to their new surroundings
  • it is very different when the whites made the Indians move they didn’t have time to get used to a new culture or new place
  • tribal disk lace mint is when Native Americans have contacts with whites and it disrupts their life and they have to move
  • Indians had to carry of their worldly goods on their backs and the refugees were harassed from unfriendly whites
  • sometimes friendly Indians to them in
  • sometimes enemy Indians attack them
  • the tribal uprooting reached its peak in the 1830s
  • a Sioux Indian said Indians should be put on wheels in 1876 so white people could move them around wherever they wanted to
  • 1704 English rampage against Indians in Florida had the formation of a native American tribe the Creek Indians regrouped as the Seminole Indians the name Seminole means to run away
  • late 18th century American colonists didn’t have to be nice to Indians because they didn’t need them to be their ally in their struggle against England
  • 4 Options : after 1790 the US government faced four options in shaping its policy towards Indians one they could exterminate them, to they could protect them in zoo like conditions, three they could assimilate Indians by encouraging them to become crop raising church growing school attending model citizens, for they could transplant them to unwanted wilderness west of the Mississippi known as Indian territory
  • Pres. Thomas Jefferson wanted assimilation because he said it was the only moral and to do
  • 1803 US acquired Louisiana purchase and Jefferson suggested the Indians might be safer if relocated to this new territory
  • over the next 40 years the removal of Indians was,
  • all the treaties signed with the Indians the worst consequences were the 76 that said emigration or moving them was the final solution to the Indian problem
  • 1816 to 18 5000 thousand Native Americans from 28 tribes were deported West of the great waters
  • the great waters was the Mississippi River
  • the southern states outlawed the new tribal governments
  • the South’s five civilized Tribes were Cherokee, Chocrow, Chickasaw, and Creek
  • Pres. Andrew Jackson in 1829 didn’t like Native American rights he refused honor federal treaties
  • Pres. Jackson in 1830 Indian removal act was passed by Congress
  • the Indians called Pres. Jackson “sharp knife”
  • he had the power to select the tribes that were good to be removed and a half $1 million to finance moving them
 

he made it seem like there was tribal consent he falsified records stop debates and trick them into signing things

Supreme Court in 1831 Cherokee nation against Georgia the tribal one the right to be a sovereign nation

Soon Green Court, Justice John Marshall said the acts of Georgia are against the Constitution they have a treaty and the US should not trespass on Cherokee territory

the Cherokees were led by a man named John Ross who was part Cherokee they refuse to sign 1835 a treaty of new etchota to make the cargo West

  • Choctaw were the first to make the hard journey leaving Mississippi in 1831 met by blizzard they were barefoot and starving they got only one blanket per person
  • Cherokee left in 1837 to year-long
  • the Cherokee call themselves leaving “the drive away”
  • traveling west three separate parties Cherokee lost 25% of their tried to sickness and exposure
  • 30,000 Native Americans died on the journey or shortly after
  • there was a lawless period of readjustment in Indian territory where the surviving members of 60 tribes came to live
  • in the Ohio Valley where they had been moved already once the Indians were pressured to sign agreements to travel again
  • 1850s and 1860s Native Americans were in California, the Great Lakes in the Southwest