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From Estates General to National Assembly
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The third estate claim the right to have its votes count as much as those of the first and second estates and they also wanted clergy and nobility to pay a fair share of taxes too.
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1st and 2nd estate had 300 representatives the 3rd estate had 600 reps.
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Each estate has 1 vote so 1st and 2nd estate could outvote the 3rd. The 1st and 2nd estates had 2 to 1 votes over the 3rd estate.
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3 rd estate wanted each deputy to have 1 vote so 3 rd estate would have majority vote
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the king hated this new idea
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Tennis Court Oath was when the third estate declared it would draft a constitution and the doors were locked on them so they moved to an indoor tennis court.
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Louis XVI was going to use force against the third estate
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The price of bread reached record highs the people were hungry and angry at the King.
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The rebels took over a prison called a Bastille in Paris which was abandoned to the rebels.
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Members of the French guard helped them until the prison warden surrendered
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King said it’s a revolt his duke said no it’s a revolution
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The King Concedes
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The king's authority had collapsed in Paris
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All over France revolts were breaking out people have had it with the taxes and the entire land holding system and they went into action.
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Peasant rebellions vast panic were known as The Great Fear.
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Peasants heard that foreign armies were coming to fight them and they reacted by breaking into houses of the Lords and destroying the records of their obligations.
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End of the Old Regime
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Declaration of the Rights of Man
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August 4, 1789 national assembly abolished all legal privileges of the nobles and clergy
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the national assembly adopted the declaration of the rights of Man and the Citizen.
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Inspired by the English Bill of Rights and the American Declaration of Independence the charter of basic liberties were liberty, prosperity, security and resistance to oppression.
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The document reflected enlightenment and proclaimed all men were free and equal before the law and that appointment to public office should be based on talent.
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The document said that no group should be exempt from taxation and gave freedom of speech and of the press.
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The declaration raised important issues about women some believe they shouldn't have the same rights as men.
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The King Concedes
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Louis XVI refused to accept the decree.
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Thousands of Parisian women marched to his house and told them their children were starving that forced the king to accept the new decrease
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The crowd asked the King and his family to come to Paris to show support for the national assembly.
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The king came and brought wagonload of flour once he got there they were virtual prisoners in Paris
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the king brought wagons of flour so they called himthe “Baker’ and his wife was the bakers wife
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Church Reforms
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Under the old regime the church had been an important part of the social and political system.
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The new government thought it had to reform the church too.
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By seizing and selling off church land the national assembly made money.
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The church was brought under the control of the state formally under a law called the Civic Constitution of the Clergy.
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Bishops and priests were elected by the people not appointed by the Pope in the church hierarchy.
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The state would pay the salaries of the bishops and priests.
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Because of the changes many Catholics became enemies of the revolution.
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New Constitution and New Fears
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The Constitution of 1791 said that there would be a limited monarchy.
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There was a King but a legislative assembly would make the laws.
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At first only men called “active” citizens over 25 who paid a certain amount of taxes could vote all others were considered passive citizens with equal rights but no vote.
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The new body was designed to be conservative.
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The method of choosing its 745 deputies meant that only wealthier people would serve.
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Local governments are put in charge of taxation.
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The new government did not have universal support they were radicals in economically disadvantaged people who wanted more reforms.
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The King hated the new government and wanted his absolute power back.
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In 1791 the Royal family tried to escape France in disguise.
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They were caught and brought back to Paris
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Legislative assemblu met Oct 1791 ammended the constitution to allow for trying the king if he turned against the nation
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War with Austria
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Some European leaders began to fear that the revolution would spread to their countries too.
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Austria and Prussia threatened to use force to restore Louis XVI to for power again.
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The legislative assembly decided to strike first acquiring Warren Austria in 1792.
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France fared badly in the initial fighting.
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Rise of the Paris Commune
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In 1792 citizens demonstrated to protest food shortages and defeat in the war.
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Paris radicals declared themselves commune, a popular run city Council, and organized an attack on the Royal Palace and legislative assembly.
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The French Revolution entered a radical and violent stage.
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Members of the Paris commune took the King captive and forced the legislative assembly to suspend the monarchy and call for a national convention because they wanted more radical change.
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They wanted all adult males to have the right to vote
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The commune set themselves apart by wearing long trousers not knee-length ones of the nobles.
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Economic conditions showed little improvement and they were worried about foreign countries reestablishing the King